Cystitis is called bladder inflammation. Most of the time, this problem includes women, since they are shorter and wider compared to men. This circumstance makes the penetration of the infection here simpler and faster. In total, in different periods of life, cystitis is sick from 20 to 40 % of the composition of women on the planet.
The causes of cystitis
Cystitis is an inherent disease at all ages. The following reasons cause it mainly:
- Hypothermia of pelvic areas;
- Bladder mucous membrane lesions;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- acute and fatty foods;
- the presence of chronic sexual or sexually transmitted diseases;
- the presence of spotlights of infection in the body;
- unprotected sex;
- Lack of hygiene.
The main cause of this disease is hypothermia. The most dangerous freezing of the legs and pelvis. Therefore, you cannot sit on cold surfaces, weigh thin silk linen at the cold station, as well as too light shoes.
The risk factor is also a sedentary work that causes blood stalling in the veins of pelvic areas. You cannot continually sit in a place to, for example, 4 to 5 hours. If your duties require this, you should try to get up more frequently and take 15 -minute breaks.
A special category of causes capable of causing cystitis represents violations of hygiene rules. Runs the risk of acquiring this disease if:
- The tampons or hygienic joints for menstruation change rarely;
- practice anal to vaginal sex transitions;
- It often puts tight synthetic underwear;
- Constantly use daily together;
- After defecation, clean in the direction of the anus forward;
- Do not observe the urination mode.
It is necessary to release the bladder at least 5 times a day, otherwise, the infection that enters the bladder is facilitated due to stagnation or decomposition of urine.
Types of cystitis
Depending on the nature of the disease, cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. The acute form proceeds in the presence of pronounced symptoms and occurs after a sudden provocative factor.
Chronic cystitis is characterized by the slightest severity of manifestations and most of the time is caused by other diseases.
Depending on the cause of pathology, cystitis is divided into primary and secondary, as well as bacterial and non -bacterial.
The bacterial inflammation of this organ is caused by infections of various streptococci, enterococci, gonococci, etc. At the same time, infection can be hematogenous, lymphogenic, descending or ascending.
Nebacterial cystitis develops with irritation of the walls with medicinal, chemical or others. Distinguish between thermal, toxic, radiation, allergic and food cystitis.
If the primary disease is characterized by the damage to the right of the bladder by any of these factors, then the secondary cystitis develops as a result of other diseases of this or nearby organs. So, for example, it generally accompanies urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, urethra stenosis, etc.
Symptoms of cystitis
The symptoms of this disease depend on its form. If in acute cases there is a brilliant clinical image with strong reins with rapids up to several times per hour of urination, then during the chronic course during remission, the signs may be absolutely absent.
The most characteristic symptoms of the acute form of the disease include:
- painful and frequent urine;
- cutting pains on the pubic in the bladder area;
- urine cloudy;
- In severe cases, an increase in temperature.
In some patients, there is also a mixture of blood in the urine, there is constantly an incomplete emptying of the bladder. In some patients, at the end of urination, they are so strong that they radiate the rectum.
If such symptoms occur in a man, he must immediately communicate with a urologist, since male cystitis is almost always secondary. Its main cause is often prostate diseases, urolitiasis, diabetes mellitus. Symptoms very similar to cystitis occur with non -unique urethritis.
Occasionally, the asymptomatic course of cystitis is possible. In such cases, the diagnosis is established by chance when performing urine analysis for another reason.
Diagnosis
In the presence of a typical clinical image in favor of acute cystitis, it speaks a rapid improvement in the condition under the influence of antibacterial agents. In addition, laboratory tests are taken into account, as well as ultrasound data.
After the disappearance of acute phenomena to clarify the diagnosis, cystoscopy is carried out, which is a study of the internal state of the bladder.
For women, a gynecological examination is very important, in which concomitant female diseases that contribute to the development of cystitis can be identified.
Therefore, a complete exam in chronic cystitis consists of:
General urine analysis; - bacteriological sowing of urine;
- urine analysis according to Nechiporenko;
- PCR diagnosis;
- cystoscopy;
- Ultrasound of the genitourinary organs;
- If necessary - biopsy.
Cystitis should not be confused with urethritis, which consists of the inflammation of the urethra and is manifested only by reins, burns and pain during urine. In many cases, these diseases are accompanied by each other.
If the inflammatory process does not respond to treatment and the process acquires a prolonged character, you must find out in detail the cause of this situation. In this case, to prescribe the correct treatment, it is necessary to differentiate cystitis with other diseases, for example, prostatitis, bladder cancer, tuberculosis.
When making a diagnosis, it should also be taken into account that cystitis is not characterized by an increase in temperature of more than 37. 5 degrees. If the patient has such a symptom, he needs a consultation of a urologist to exclude kidney disease.
Treatment of cystitis
To get rid of the outbreak or exacerbation of this extremely unpleasant disease, you must follow the following recommendations:
- Observe the break from the bed;
- take prescription medications;
- Drink a lot of warm liquid;
- Follow the diet.
In acute cystitis, antispasmodics, antibacterial medications, herbs with diuretic effects are prescribed. With pronounced pain, drugs are recommended that relieve the spasm of the bladder muscles - Noshpu, Drugoverine, Papaverina. They can be used both in the form of tablets and in the form of candles. It helps eliminate the crib, placed at the bottom of the abdomen.
Molten herbs are widely used for cystitis, the length of a length, kidney tea. Colt, wedding and blueberry drinks are very useful in such a situation. There are phytaparaciones prepared for such cases. The use of finished medications gives a more anticipated effect on the treatment of cystitis. But the use of prepared pharmacological agents does not cancel the intake of abundant hot drinks.
The warm baths with herbs or washing external genitals with warm water with a solution of soft drinks will help relieve the condition after painful urine.
The diet in acute cystitis must exclude marinades, spices, salts. Dairy products, fruits, especially watermelon will be useful.
In the chronic course of the disease, procedures are prescribed to restore urine output. These include, for example, the treatment of prostate adenoma, the elimination of the narrowing of the urethra. The mandatory detection and elimination of infection spotlights in the body is carried out. In chronic cystitis forms, antibacterial treatment is carried out only after appropriate laboratory tests, urine planting, identifying the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Treatment with popular methods
People have many media that have a positive effect on diseases of the urinary sphere, including cystitis. The most effective of them can be called the following:
- Boil 3 liters of milk. Separate a large cup and pour into a basin. The patient must put his legs on him and wrap with a blanket at the waist. When milk in the pelvis begins to cool, you must add another cup there. So continue until all the milk is spilled. When repeating the procedure, the same milk can be boiled again. Repeat to improve the condition.
- Take 2 halves of red and hot brick on the fire. Put them in an empty metal bucket, whose edges are wrapped with cloth. The patient sits in a cube and wraps the lower part of the body in a picture or blanket. Sitting in this position while the heat comes from the brick. After the end of the procedure, go to bed. Repeat it several times.
All patients are not allowed thermal procedures in the pelvis. For example, they are contraindicated in women with fibromas or fibromioma. In such cases, the use of diuretic herbs, which must be made for 1. 5-2 months. With phytotherapy to avoid relapses, it is important to perform repeated courses. Then, after an acute outbreak of the disease, the treatment must be repeated after 2-3 months and in the treatment of chronic forms after 3-5 months.
A good effect with cystitis has such a herbal collection: in equal proportions, parsley grass, tomillo, must of San Juan, Elldo and Knorbus are mixed in equal proportions. 1 teaspoon of the mixture is poured with 1 cup of boiling and insists. You must drink this half -glass infusion three times a day for 20 days. 3 of these courses must be carried out with a 10 -day break between them. Relief already occurs during the first course, and the full cycle helps get rid of the old cystitis.
A quick improvement can be obtained in the condition if a handful of dry flowers of a corn flow is made with 300 g of boiling water and insists for 30 minutes. Half of the portion is drunk in small sips at night, the second half of the morning.
The acute manifestations of cystitis are quickly passed if they eat 0. 5-1 L of lingonberries in a dose. But this does not mean that additional treatment must stop completely in this.
The effect of popular methods will be more stable if they are used in combination with the treatment of diet and drugs.
Possible complications
With proper therapy, symptoms disappear in 5-10 days. But often, after home or performed a hurried treatment, the signs of the disease disappear only for a while. The true cause of the disease remains in the body and is felt immediately with the slightest hypothermia. In this case, they say that cystitis has become a chronic form.
The type of chronic disease is especially dangerous for girls, since it can lead to cyches of the posterior wall of the urethra and reduce it in volume. At the same time, there is a vicious circle, which consists of constantly feeding the infection spotlights.
In addition, if cystitis is not enough, an bladder infection can penetrate the kidneys, as a result of which a more serious disease develops: pyelonephritis. At the same time, pain in the lumbar region, fever and swelling is added to frequent urination.
A serious complication of the disease that occurs in the absence of adequate treatment is the development of interstitial cystitis. In this case, the infection penetrates not only the mucous layer, but also the submucose layer, as well as the muscular wall of the organ. Their fabrics are marked and deformed, which implies bladder wrinkles and the loss of its volume. The only way to save the patient is the operation to complete the organ with the plastic of the new, which consists of tissues of the large intestine.
Cystitis during pregnancy
This disease, which already mainly torments women, often occurs during pregnancy. Each tenth woman learns about the existence of this disease precisely in the difficult period of enduring a child.
Its appearance in the early stages is explained by the changes in the hormonal background, as well as the phenomenon of immunosuppression of pregnant woman, that is, the inhibition of immunity. It is the weakened immunity that allows microorganisms to rebuke freely and cause inflammation of the bladder membrane. Therefore, the slightest hypothermia, violation of hygiene rules and even acute climate change can cause acute cystitis throughout their glory in their future mother.
The appearance of this disease is also facilitated by the uterus in constant growth, which squeezes the bladder and leads to a violation of urine output, which causes the active propagation of pathogenic microbes.
The difficulty of treating cystitis during pregnancy is that medications taken can negatively affect the body of the unborn child. But, at the same time, the treatment must be carried out immediately, since the infection can be extended to the kidneys. Therefore, you must take such medications that will act specifically in the bladder.
Cystitis prevention
For disease prevention, it is enough to follow some simple recommendations:
- Observe intimate hygiene;
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not feel on cold surfaces;
- Does not eat spicy and salty foods;
- Sexual infections of timely cure;
- Reject the underwear of synthetic materials.
With a lifestyle sitting every 20-30 minutes, you must get up and knead and, of course, it should not be vague to empty the bladder in time.
A good cystitis prevention is the daily consumption of a glass of blueberry juice or drink blueberries in any other way. This natural remedy has a diuretic and disinfectant property and, so to speak, interferes with the infection attached to the bladder walls.